Bharat ke aarthik vikas ki kahani mein planning commission of india establishment date ek bahut hi mahatvapurna panna hai. Iski sthapna 15 March 1950 ko ek executive resolution ke zariye hui thi, jiska mukhya uddeshya desh ke sansadhano ka aakalan karke unhe santulit tarike se istemal karne ke liye yojanaen banana tha. Ye wo daur tha jab Bharat abhi-abhi azad hua tha aur desh ke saamne garibi, ashiksha aur bikhri hui arthvyavastha jaisi kai badi chunautiyan thi. Aise mein ek kendriya sanstha ki zaroorat thi jo desh ko vikas ki raah par le ja sake.
Sochiye, ek naya-naya azad hua desh, jiske paas anubhav kam aur ummeedein zyada thi. Us waqt ke pradhan mantri, Jawaharlal Nehru, Soviet Union ke model se prabhavit the, jahan central planning ke zariye tezi se industrial growth haasil ki gayi thi. Isi soch ke saath Planning Commission yaani Yojana Aayog ka janm hua, jiska adhyaksh hamesha desh ka Pradhan Mantri hota tha. Iska kaam sirf yojana banana hi nahi tha, balki rajyon ko unke vikas ke liye financial resources allocate karna bhi tha. “Desh ka vikas har ek gaon aur har ek sheher se hokar guzarta hai,” isi mantra ke saath Aayog ne apna kaam shuru kiya.
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Yojana Aayog Ka Safar: Panchvarshiya Yojanaon Ka Daur
Planning Commission ki sabse badi pehchan uski ‘Five-Year Plans’ yaani Panchvarshiya Yojanaen thi. Ye yojanaen desh ke agle paanch saal ke vikas ka roadmap hoti thi. Har yojana ka ek alag focus hota tha, jaise ki pehli yojana (1951-56) mein krishi par zor diya gaya, to doosri mein bhari udyogon par. In yojanaon ke zariye desh ne kai bade kaam kiye:
- Bhakra Nangal jaise bade bandh banaye gaye.
- IITs aur AIIMS jaise bade shikshan sansthan khole gaye.
- Desh mein steel plants aur anya bhari udyogon ka jaal bichaya gaya.
Ye Aayog kendra aur rajya sarkaron ke beech ek bridge ki tarah kaam karta tha. Rajyon ko kitna paisa milega, kis project ke liye milega, ye sab tay karne mein Aayog ki badi bhoomika hoti thi. Halanki, samay ke saath iski working style par kai sawal bhi uthne lage. Kai visheshagyon ka manna tha ki ye ‘one size fits all’ approach apnata hai, jo har rajya ki zarooraton ko theek se nahi samajhta.
Planning Commission ke Mukhya Uddeshya (Objectives)
Jab Planning Commission banaya gaya tha, to uske kuch saaf uddeshya the, jo us samay ki zarooraton ke hisab se tay kiye gaye the:
- Sansadhano ka Aakalan: Desh mein maujood sabhi resources, chahe wo insani ho ya material, unka aakalan karna.
- Santulit Upyog: In sansadhano ka sabse prabhavi aur santulit istemal sunishchit karna.
- Prathmiktaen Tay Karna: Vikas ke liye alag-alag sectors ki prathmiktaen (priorities) tay karna.
- Vikas ki Gati Badhana: Desh ki arthvyavastha ki gati ko badhane ke liye yojanaen taiyar karna.
- Samajik Nyay: Aarthik vikas ke fayde samaj ke har tabke tak pahunche, ye sunishchit karna.
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Yojana Aayog se NITI Aayog Tak: Ek Naye Yug ki Shuruaat
Saal 2014 mein, Pradhan Mantri Narendra Modi ne Planning Commission ko bhang karne ka ailan kiya. Unka manna tha ki 65 saal purani is sanstha ki ab zaroorat nahi hai aur badalte samay ke saath ek nayi sanstha honi chahiye jo ‘cooperative federalism’ ki bhavna se kaam kare. Iske baad, 1 January 2015 ko NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) ki sthapna hui.
NITI Aayog aur Planning Commission mein mool antar unke kaam karne ke tarike mein hai. Jahan Planning Commission ‘top-down’ approach par kaam karta tha, wahin NITI Aayog ‘bottom-up’ approach par zor deta hai. Iska matlab hai ki ab yojanaen Delhi mein band kamron mein nahi, balki rajyon aur zameeni star se mile inputs ke aadhar par banti hain. NITI Aayog ka mukhya kaam ab sarakar ke liye ek ‘think tank’ ki tarah kaam karna hai, jo use neetigat mamlon par salah deta hai.
Planning Commission aur NITI Aayog mein Mukhya Antar
| Pehlu | Planning Commission (Yojana Aayog) | NITI Aayog |
|---|---|---|
| Approach | Top-down (Kendrikrit) | Bottom-up (Sahyogpurn) |
| Rajyon ki Bhoomika | Kam, darshak ki tarah | Zyada, sakriya bhagidari |
| Fund Allocation | Fund allocate karne ki shakti thi | Sirf salahkar, fund Vitta Mantralaya deta hai |
| Mukhya Kaam | Panchvarshiya Yojanaen banana | Sarkar ke liye Think Tank ka kaam karna |
Planning Commission ka itihas darasal azad Bharat ke aarthik vikas ka itihas hai. Bhale hi aaj ye sanstha astitva mein nahi hai, lekin iske dwara shuru ki gayi yojanaon ne desh ki neenv rakhne mein ek aham bhoomika nibhayi. planning commission of india establishment date hamesha ek aisi tareekh ke roop mein yaad rakhi jayegi jisne desh ko ek saath plan karke aage badhne ka raasta dikhaya.