Aaj ke daur mein bina bijli ke ek pal bhi guzaarna mushkil lagta hai, lekin kya aapne kabhi socha hai ki aakhir bijli ka avishkar kisne aur kab kiya? Aksar iska credit Benjamin Franklin ko de diya jaata hai, lekin sach yeh hai ki bijli ka avishkar kisi ek insaan ne ek din mein nahi kiya. Yeh ek lambi kahani hai jismein kai scientists aur unke saalon ki mehnat shaamil hai.
Sochiye, ek aisi duniya jahan raat ka matlab sirf andhera aur din dhalne ke baad saare kaam band. Na koi phone, na TV, na internet. Aisa hi tha jab tak bijli hamari zindagi ka hissa nahi bani thi. Is chamatkar ko sach karne ke peeche kai dimaag lage the.
Table of Contents
Bijli Ki Khoj Ki Asal Kahani (The Real Story of Electricity)
Bijli ki kahani kisi ek “avishkar” se zyada, kai “khojon” ki ek series hai. Yeh kehna galat hoga ki kisi ek vyakti ne hi iska avishkar kiya. Ismein Benjamin Franklin se lekar Michael Faraday tak, kai mahan vaigyanikon ka yogdaan raha hai.
Benjamin Franklin aur Unka Patang Wala Prayog (1752)
Aapne Benjamin Franklin aur unke patang ke experiment ke baare mein zaroor suna hoga. 1752 mein unhone apne ek mashhoor prayog se yeh saabit kiya ki aasmani bijli (lightning) aur choti chingariyan (sparks) darasal ek hi cheez hain. Unhone ek toofani raat mein patang udaai jiske neeche ek metal ki chaabi bandhi thi. Jab aasmani bijli patang se takrai, to chaabi mein current aa gaya. Isse unhone saabit kiya ki lightning ek tarah ki electricity hi hai. Lekin unhone bijli “banayi” nahi, balki uske ek roop ko samjha.
Ek quote jo is situation ko aache se batata hai: “Bijli hamesha se yahan thi, bas insaan ne use samajhne aur istemaal karne ka tareeka thoda der se seekha.”
Alessandro Volta ne Banayi Pehli Battery (1800)
Asli game tab badla jab Italian scientist Alessandro Volta ne saal 1800 mein pehli practical battery banayi, jise “Voltaic Pile” kaha gaya. Yeh pehla device tha jo lagatar aur controllable electric current paida kar sakta tha. Is avishkar ne dusre scientists ke liye bijli par aage research karne ke darwaze khol diye. Volta ne copper aur zinc ki discs ko namak ke paani mein bhige hue cardboard ke beech rakhar yeh battery banayi thi. Unhi ke naam par “Volt” unit rakha gaya hai.
Michael Faraday: Jinhone Bijli ko Upyogi Banaya
Agar kisi ek vyakti ko “Father of Electricity” kaha ja sakta hai, to woh Michael Faraday hain. 1831 mein, unhone electric motor aur generator ke buniyadi siddhant (principles) ki khoj ki. Unhone saabit kiya ki ek badalte hue magnetic field se electric current paida kiya ja sakta hai. Ise electromagnetic induction kehte hain, aur aaj ke daur mein bijli paida karne wale generators isi siddhant par kaam karte hain.
Faraday ki khoj ke bina, large scale par bijli paida karna aur usey gharon aur factory tak pahunchana shayad mumkin nahi hota.
To Aakhir Bijli Ka Avishkar Kisne Kiya?
Toh is sawaal ‘bijli ka avishkar kisne aur kab kiya’ ka seedha jawab yeh hai:
- Benjamin Franklin ne 1752 mein saabit kiya ki aasmani bijli ek prakaar ki electricity hai.
- Alessandro Volta ne 1800 mein pehli battery banakar controllable electric current ka raasta dikhaya.
- Michael Faraday ne 1831 mein electric induction ki khoj karke modern electric generator aur motor ki neev rakhi.
Isliye, bijli ka avishkar kisi ek vyakti ka nahi, balki samay ke saath hui kai khojon ka nateeja hai. Har vaigyanik ne pichle kaam par aage badhate hue is technology ko aur behtar banaya, jisse aaj hamari duniya roshan hai.